TABLE 1

Summary of literature reports demonstrating high variability of aldehyde oxidase activity in various in vitro systems

In Vitro System	Donors	Methodology	Probe Substrate	Fold Range Activity	Reference
S-9 fraction	6	Metabolite formation	NMN	>40	Rodrigues et al., 1994
			Benzaldehyde	3.6
			6-Methylpurine	3.6
Cytosol	7	Depletion	Benzaldehyde	50	Sugihara et al., 1997
Cytosol	7	Metabolite formation	NMN	4.3	Sugihara et al., 1997
Cytosol	6	Metabolite formation	Methotrexate	48	Kitamura et al., 1999
Cytosol	13	V_max/K_m	DACA	18	Al-Salmy, 2001
Cytosol	13	Depletion	Benzaldehyde	5	Al-Salmy, 2001
Cryopreserved hepatocytes	5	Metabolite formation	Vanillin	5	Sahi et al., 2008
Cytosol	16	Metabolite formation	NMN	9.4	Tayama et al., 2012
Cytosol	20	Depletion	Carbazeran	90	Fu et al., 2013
			Zoniporide	42
			Phthalazine	17

DACA, N-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]acridone-4-carboxamide; NMN, N¹-methylnicotinamide.