Precipitant natural product candidates advanced to phase II
Twenty-three products, with entries listed by descending priority level.
| Natural Product | Presence of In Vivo Interaction (count)a | Absence of In Vivo Interaction (count)b | Total In Vivo Interactions (count) | Total In Vitro Targets (count)c | Priority Level |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cannabinoids | 9 | 7 | 16 | 11 | High |
| Ginseng | 5 | 3 | 8 | 5 | High |
| Green tea | 5 | 5 | 10 | 13 | High |
| Berberine (from goldenseal) | 5 | 3 | 8 | 12 | High |
| Resveratrol | 5 | 0 | 5 | 25 | High |
| Garlic | 4 | 9 | 13 | 5 | High |
| Glycyrrhizin (from licorice) | 3 | 1 | 4 | 14 | High |
| Goldenseal | 2 | 2 | 4 | 3 | High |
| Cinnamon | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | High |
| Red yeast rice | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | High |
| Turmeric | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3 | High |
| Schisandra chinensis extract | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | High |
| Ginkgo | 8 | 32 | 40 | 21 | Intermediate |
| Echinacea | 4 | 15 | 19 | 9 | Intermediate |
| Cranberry (juice) | 2 | 10 | 12 | 4 | Intermediate |
| Black cohosh | 1 | 5 | 6 | 4 | Intermediate |
| St. John’s wort | 50 | 27 | 77 | 12 | Low |
| Milk thistle (including silymarin and silibinin) | 31 | 17 | 48 | 54 | Low |
| Evening primrose oil | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Low |
| Echinacea (extract combination) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Low |
| Valerian | 0 | 6 | 6 | 7 | Low |
| Saw palmetto | 0 | 6 | 6 | 6 | Low |
| Ginger | 0 | 3 | 3 | 2 | Low |
↵a Reports indicating ≥20% change in object drug AUC.
↵b Reports indicating <20% change in object drug AUC.
↵c Reports of in vitro enzyme-, transporter-, or nuclear receptor-mediated interactions (inhibition, induction, or activation). Data were extracted from the University of Washington Drug Interaction Database (https://www.druginteractioninfo.org/) and tabulated.