TABLE 1

Initial list of 47 candidate natural products to study as precipitants of pharmacokinetic natural product–drug interactions

Candidates 1–40 were obtained from the 2015 HerbalGram report of the top 40 herbal products by sales (Smith, 2015). Candidates without a sales rank were obtained from the University of Washington Drug Interaction Database (https://www.druginteractioninfo.org/).

Rank	Natural Product	Rank	Natural Product
1	Horehound	25	Chia seed/chia oil
2	Cranberry	26	Turmeric
3	Echinacea	27	Maca
4	Black cohosh	28	Fenugreek
5	Flaxseed/flaxseed oil	29	Isoflavones
6	Valerian	30	Ginseng
7	Yohimbe	31	St. John’s wort
8	Bioflavonoid complex	32	Green tea
9	Saw palmetto	33	Fennel
10	Ginger	34	Horsetail
11	Aloe vera	35	Tribulus
12	Milk thistle	36	White kidney bean
13	Garlic	37	Evening primrose oil
14	Cinnamon	38	Kelp
15	Rhodiola	39	Gymnema
16	Horny goat weed	40	Grass
17	Ginkgo	—	Berberine
18	Plant sterols	—	Cannabinoids
19	Red yeast rice	—	Feverfew
20	Elderberry	—	Glycyrrhizin
21	Guarana	—	Goldenseal
22	Coconut oil	—	Shisandra chinensis
23	Senna	—	Resveratrol
24	Ivy leaf