TABLE 2

Pharmacokinetic parameters of nateglinide and M1 after oral administration of nateglinide (10 mg/kg)

Data are presented as mean ± S.D. (n = 6).

	Nateglinide			M1
	CON	HFD	DM	CON	HFD	DM
C_max (μg/ml)	4.77 ± 2.46	3.24 ± 1.02	0.805 ± 0.449^{^a},^{^b}	3.68 ± 2.34	1.49 ± 0.39^{^c}	0.709 ± 0.422^{^a},^{^b}
T_max (min)	19.3 ± 9.3	16.4 ± 8.0	27.9 ± 13.8	34.3 ± 11.3	32.9 ± 9.1	42.9 ± 10.4
AUC (min∙μg/ml)	244 ± 111	179 ± 56	69.0 ± 41.6^{^a},^{^b}	304 ± 153	144 ± 39^{^c}	116 ± 50^{^c}
T_1/2 (min)	64.8 ± 31.6	55.8 ± 44.7	73.7 ± 38.4	86.9 ± 39.8	47.9 ± 18.6^{^c}	138 ± 102
MRT (min)	69.3 ± 31.0	73.2 ± 21.1	112 ± 43	108 ± 47	92.2 ± 21.7	204 ± 137
	NOR	BUM		NOR	BUM
C_max (μg/ml)	3.79 ± 1.12	1.30 ± 0.54^{^a}		1.46 ± 0.19	0.645 ± 0.179^{^a}
T_max (min)	10.0 ± 4.1	13.6 ± 6.3		31.4 ± 10.3	38.6 ± 11.8
AUC (min∙μg/ml)	301 ± 93	105 ± 58^{^a}		250 ± 34	105 ± 37^{^a}
T_1/2 (min)	111 ± 40	127 ± 74		96.6 ± 29.1	128 ± 57
MRT (min)	136 ± 47	140 ± 73		164 ± 29	192 ± 58
	NOR	BUT		NOR	BUT
C_max (μg/ml)	4.11 ± 2.10	2.52 ± 0.63		1.67 ± 0.83	1.39 ± 0.38
T_max (min)	19.2 ± 6.7	7.50 ± 2.74^{^a}		50.0 ± 7.8	18.3 ± 2.6^{^a}
AUC (min∙μg/ml)	380 ± 122	57.7 ± 19.4^{^a}		216 ± 33	79.2 ± 18.1^{^a}
T_1/2 (min)	66.4 ± 45.7	23.5 ± 12.0		62.4 ± 37.4	41.3 ± 8.9
MRT (min)	110 ± 59	25.8 ± 6.6^{^a}		150 ± 72	68.2 ± 7.0^{^c}

BUM, normal rats coadministrated with bumetanide (10 mg/kg); BUT, normal rats drinking water containing butyrate (150 mM) for 4 weeks; CON, normal diet rats; DM, diabetic rats; HFD, high-fat diet rats; NOR, normal rats.
↵^a P < 0.01 vs. CON or NOR
↵^b P < 0.01 vs. HFD.
↵^c P < 0.05 vs. CON or NOR.