Parameters | CON | HFD | DM |
---|---|---|---|
Body weight (g) | 297 ± 13 | 304 ± 12 | 250 ± 14a,b |
Liver weight (% of body weight) | 2.63 ± 0.27 | 5.38 ± 0.43a | 8.16 ± 0.62a,b |
FGB (mM) | 5.80 ± 0.53 | 5.81 ± 0.44 | 22.7 ± 1.8a,b |
FINS (mIU/l) | 46.5 ± 9.2 | 49.7 ± 11.2 | 44.4 ± 5.1 |
HOMA-IR | 12.1 ± 2.8 | 12.9 ± 2.7 | 44.6 ± 6.5a,b |
TC (mM) | 1.70 ± 0.23 | 4.51 ± 1.23a | 14.1 ± 3.1a,b |
TG (mM) | 0.547 ± 0.109 | 0.828 ± 0.195a | 4.41 ± 1.48a,b |
Acetate (mM)c | 1.31 ± 0.59 | 3.57 ± 1.75d | 5.20 ± 1.65a |
Propionate (μM)c | 85.3 ± 50.1 | 378 ± 212d | 538 ± 383d |
Butyrate (μM)c | 36.5 ± 12.3 | 150 ± 93d | 477 ± 251a,e |
CON, normal diet rats; DM, diabetic rats; FBG, fasting glucose in blood; FINS, fasting insulin level; HFD, high-fat diet rats; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance; TC, total cholesterol level; TG, triglyceride level.
↵a P < 0.01 vs. CON.
↵b P < 0.01 vs. HFD.
↵c Intestinal content in small intestine was washed using 1 ml normal saline, and the concentration of the washed solution was measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography.
↵d P < 0.05 vs. CON.
↵e P < 0.05 vs. HFD.