Protein | Human Skin | LabSkin 1 | LabSkin 2 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± S.D. (CV) | Range (n) | Median | |||
Cytochrome P450 and auxiliary proteins | |||||
CYP51A1a | 0.98 ± 0.09 (9.38) | 0.92–1.05 (2) | 0.98 | 1.19 | |
CYP7B1 | 2.57 ± 0.45 (17.43) | 2.26–2.89 (2) | 2.57 | 3.50 | |
CYP8A1 (PTGIS) | 5.52 ± 4.70 (91.25) | 1.58–12.73 (4) | 3.88 | 2.60 | |
POR | 4.46 ± 0.77 (17.16) | 3.66–5.19 (3) | 4.54 | 3.21 | |
CYB5A | 9.54 ± 5.15 (54.02) | 3.26–15.45 (6) | 10.56 | 6.52 | |
CYB5R1 | 11.31 ± 6.05 (53.55) | 7.02–15.59 (2) | 11.31 | 2.06 | |
CYB5R2a | 5.93 ± 2.02 (34.00) | 3.5–8.58 (5) | 5.31 | 3.55 | |
CYB5R3 | 10.27 ± 2.57 (25.05) | 6.98–13.05 (6) | 10.66 | 20.75 | |
Dehydrogenases | |||||
ADH1Ba | 23.39 ± 14.12 (60.39) | 4.01–48.02 (6) | 21.60 | 13.86 | 22.40 |
ADH1Cb | 37.46 ± 15.05 (40.16) | 13.80–55.35 (5) | 39.01 | 32.53 | |
ADH5 | 18.81 ± 7.96 (42.32) | 4.73–29.04 (6) | 19.38 | 18.30 | 9.08 |
ALDH16A1 | 5.23 ± 1.74 (33.32) | 3.41–6.88 (3) | 5.39 | ||
ALDH1A1 | 21.01 ± 6.70 (31.86) | 11.88–28.84 (5) | 21.35 | 12.13 | |
ALDH1B1 | 2.59 ± 1.09 (42.19) | 1.71–3.82 (5) | 1.90 | 6.09 | |
ALDH1L1 | 3.93 ± 1.53 (38.85) | 2.40–5.45 (3) | 3.95 | 4.93 | |
ALDH1L2a | 4.09 ± 1.52 (37.27) | 3.01–5.17 (2) | 4.09 | 7.55 | |
ALDH2 | 17.48 ± 7.75 (44.32) | 5.31–25.01 (6) | 19.97 | 6.64 | 12.54 |
ALDH3A1 | 4.45 ± 1.60 (36.01) | 2.76–6.12 (5) | 4.56 | 8.08 | |
ALDH3A2 | 2.67 ± 0.43 (15.93) | 2.22–3.28 (6) | 2.55 | 3.39 | 1.77 |
ALDH4A1 | 3.10 ± 0.33 (10.78) | 2.72–3.31 (3) | 3.28 | 2.95 | 1.97 |
ALDH6A1 | 4.27 ± 1.07 (25.06) | 2.48–5.82 (6) | 4.33 | 3.46 | 1.65 |
BDH2 | 6.13 ± 3.46 (56.51) | 3.68–8.58 (2) | 6.13 | 3.03 | |
Reductases | |||||
AKR1A1a | 14.39 ± 2.68 (18.65) | 11.39–17.98 (6) | 14.43 | 6.30 | 7.82 |
AKR1B1a | 6.87 ± 2.74 (39.85) | 2.59–9.66 (5) | 6.89 | 3.63 | 4.93 |
AKR1C1 | 7.35 ± 2.91 (39.57) | 4.21–11.62 (6) | 6.73 | 6.53 | |
AKR1C2a | 6.70 ± 2.17 (32.32) | 3.90–9.31 (6) | 6.33 | 4.03 | 4.11 |
AKR1C3 | 12.42 ± 5.60 (45.07) | 4.41–18.98 (6) | 14.11 | 5.41 | 7.37 |
AKR1D1b | 15.03 ± 7.06 (46.99) | 7.52–25.89 (5) | 13.12 | 1.90 | 19.60 |
AKR7A2 | 8.01 ± 1.32 (16.51) | 7.08–8.95 (2) | 8.01 | 6.88 | |
BLVRA | 6.75 ± 2.34 (34.70) | 3.92–9.36 (5) | 6.12 | 4.56 | 4.27 |
CBR1 | 25.30 ± 6.99 (27.62) | 12.44–31.51 (6) | 27.96 | 16.56 | 27.73 |
CBR3 | 9.00 ± 1.32 (14.62) | 7.45–10.44 (5) | 9.59 | 9.20 | 9.93 |
Others | |||||
AOC2a | 10.59 ± 7.54 (71.21) | 3.49–21.26 (4) | 8.81 | ||
AOC3a | 15.72 ± 4.86 (30.94) | 11.20–23.83 (6) | 14.22 | 5.89 | |
AOX1 | 3.00 ± 1.18 (39.26) | 1.65–3.84 (3) | 3.52 | 3.55 | |
CES1a | 14.43 ± 1.91 (13.23) | 11.70–16.21 (5) | 14.73 | 6.29 | |
CES1P1b | 16.32 ± 6.34 (38.87) | 12.27–27.45 (5) | 14.37 | 3.07 | 10.52 |
CRYZ | 6.89 ± 2.20 (31.90) | 2.43–8.08 (6) | 7.70 | 6.46 | 4.49 |
DHRS7 | 4.16 ± 3.36 (80.81) | 0.92–7.62 (3) | 3.93 | 5.93 | |
DPYDa | 1.98 ± 1.06 (53.73) | 0.94–3.07 (3) | 1.94 | 1.28 | |
EPHX1a | 10.00 ± 5.06 (50.63) | 4.17–15.57 (6) | 9.91 | 11.84 | 4.97 |
EPHX2 | 6.57 ± 0.51 (7.73) | 6.21–6.93 (2) | 6.57 | 6.49 | |
ESD | 15.15 ± 3.72 (24.58) | 9.29–18.38 (6) | 17.00 | 12.18 | 9.69 |
LTA4H | 9.85 ± 3.07 (31.16) | 5.00–14.29 (6) | 9.57 | 7.15 | 8.13 |
PIN1a | 12.10 ± 4.51 (37.26) | 8.25–18.63 (4) | 10.77 | 6.71 | |
PON1 | 11.28 ± 1.99 (17.64) | 8.32–13.81 (5) | 11.20 | 6.61 | |
YWHAH | 7.23 ± 1.57 (21.67) | 4.92–9.00 (6) | 7.08 | 5.69 | 7.33 |
MAOA | 7.16 ± 7.03 (98.27) | 2.18–12.13 (2) | 7.16 | ||
PTGES3c | 17.62 ± 4.70 (26.69) | 12.87–21.73 (4) | 17.95 | 8.95 | |
PTGS1 (COX-1) | 3.93 ± 0.06 (1.41) | 3.89–3.97 (2) | 3.93 | 10.88 | |
VKORC1d | 12.14 ± 13.00 (107.12) | 2.94–21.34 (2) | 12.14 |
AOX1, aldehyde oxidase 1; COX, cyclooxygenase; LTA4H, leukotriene A4 hydrolase.; ESD, esterase D; MAOA; monoamine oxidase A; PON1, serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 1; VKORC1, vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1.
↵a According to Human Protein Atlas, these enzymes are reported to be present in the skin at the RNA level (low copy numbers) but not at the protein level.
↵b According to Human Protein Atlas, these enzymes are not reported to be present in the skin at the RNA or protein level.
↵c This is a nuclear receptor.
↵d Warfarin targets this enzyme therefore interfering with blood coagulation in humans.