Research ArticleBinding Characteristics of Drugs to Synthetic Levodopa Melanin
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2015, Forensic Science InternationalPhysical factors affecting chloroquine binding to melanin
2015, Colloids and Surfaces B: BiointerfacesCitation Excerpt :The association between ingested drugs and melanin in the body has been the subject of many studies over the last 50 years. For example, melanin has a strong affinity towards compounds such as phenothiazines [1–6], antibiotics [1], antimalarials [2–6], antirheumatics [2], antifolates [1], as well as various illicit drugs [7–9] and herbicides [10], with each causing various adverse effects. Due to these interactions, various negative associations have been implicated with some compounds, resulting in outcomes unrelated to the main action of the drug.
A critical assessment of in vitro tissue models for ADME and drug delivery
2014, Journal of Controlled ReleaseCitation Excerpt :Melanin is located within the RPE cells in melanosome vesicles, and it may bind many drugs, thereby affecting the pharmacokinetics in the eye [113]. For example, chloroquine, pilocarpine, betaxolol, timolol, cocaine, levofloxacin, and atropine bind to melanin [114–118]. Drug binding to the melanin may lead to the formation of cellular drug depot and increased total drug concentrations in the retina–choroid [119].
Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine binding to melanin: Some possible consequences for pathologies
2014, Toxicology ReportsCitation Excerpt :However, melanin binding becomes dangerous when accumulation occurs in regions that the released drug could cause damage [17]. Many drugs have been examined over the last 50 years and include phenothiazines, antibiotics, antimalarials, antirheumatics, antifolates, illicit drugs and herbicides, which all have an affinity towards melanin [1,3,12,14,16,23–27,30]. Chloroquine (Fig. 1a) has been monitored for many years due to adverse effects caused through prolonged use.
Supported in part by the US. Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health (Research Grant EY-01308).