Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
Regular ArticleDemonstration of Activin-A in Arteriosclerotic Lesions
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Low and dysregulated production of follistatin in immune cells of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients
2011, Journal of NeuroimmunologyCitation Excerpt :In addition to peripheral immune cells, other potential cellular sources are vascular smooth muscle cells (Inoue et al., 1993) as well as vascular endothelial cells (Michel et al., 1996), chondrocytes and osteoblasts of developing bone, cells that are located in the ovary, the testis, the pituitary gland, the liver, the prostate gland, the pancreas and the kidney (Phillips and de Kretser, 1998). Therefore, follistatin in the serum was found to play a role is several processes, such as in atherogenic growth (Inoue et al., 1993; Inoue et al., 1994), in angiogenesis (Kozian et al., 1997) and in bone formation via its binding to activin or BMPs or serum α2-macroglobulin (Phillips et al., 1997). Since there is an immune infiltration to the active CNS lesions in MS and since BMPs were found to be expressed in those lesions (Deininger et al., 1995), we examined the neurogenic potential of immune cells in MS by measuring the follistatin production by immune cells.
Roles of activin in tissue repair, fibrosis, and inflammatory disease
2006, Cytokine and Growth Factor ReviewsThe activin/inhibin family
2003, The Cytokine HandbookFollistatin: A multifunctional regulatory protein
1998, Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology