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Characterization of the versatile monooxygenase CYP109B1 from Bacillus subtilis

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Abstract

The oxidizing activity of CYP109B1 from Bacillus subtilis was reconstituted in vitro with various artificial redox proteins including putidaredoxin reductase and putidaredoxin from Pseudomonas putida, truncated bovine adrenodoxin reductase and adrenodoxin, flavodoxin reductase and flavodoxin from Escherichia coli, and two flavodoxins from B. subtilis (YkuN and YkuP). Binding and oxidation of a broad range of chemically different substrates (fatty acids, n-alkanes, primary n-alcohols, terpenoids like (+)-valencene, α- and β-ionone, and the steroid testosterone) were investigated. CYP109B1was found to oxidize saturated fatty acids (conversion up to 99%) and their methyl and ethyl esters (conversion up to 80%) at subterminal positions with a preference for the carbon atoms C11 and C12 counted from the carboxyl group. For the hydroxylation of primary n-alcohols, the ω−2 position was preferred. n-Alkanes were not accepted as substrates by CYP109B1. Regioselective hydroxylation of terpenoids α-ionone (∼70% conversion) and β-ionone (∼ 91% conversion) yielded the allylic alcohols 3-hydroxy-α-ionone and 4-hydroxy-β-ionone, respectively. Furthermore, indole was demonstrated to inhibit fatty acid oxidation.

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Acknowledgments

We wish to thank Kyoko Momoi, Sumire Honda Malca, and Svetlana Tihovsky (Universitaet Stuttgart) for their help in preparation of Fdx and cloning of FdR, YkuN, and YkuP. We are also thankful to Wolfgang Reinle for expression and purification of Adx and AdR. MG, TK, and VBU acknowledge the support of this work by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB706) and Ministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst Baden-Württemberg.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Technical Biochemistry, Universitaet Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany

    Marco Girhard, Tobias Klaus & Vlada B. Urlacher

  2. Institute of Biochemistry, Saarland University, 66041, Saarbrücken, Germany

    Yogan Khatri & Rita Bernhardt

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  1. Marco Girhard
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  2. Tobias Klaus
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  3. Yogan Khatri
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  4. Rita Bernhardt
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  5. Vlada B. Urlacher
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Correspondence to Vlada B. Urlacher.

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Girhard, M., Klaus, T., Khatri, Y. et al. Characterization of the versatile monooxygenase CYP109B1 from Bacillus subtilis . Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 87, 595–607 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-010-2472-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-010-2472-z

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