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Population-based dose–response analysis of liver transcriptional response to trichloroethylene in mouse

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Abstract

Studies of gene expression are common in toxicology and provide important clues to mechanistic understanding of adverse effects of chemicals. Most prior studies have been performed in a single strain or cell line; however, gene expression is heavily influenced by the genetic background, and these genotype-expression differences may be key drivers of inter-individual variation in response to chemical toxicity. In this study, we hypothesized that the genetically diverse Collaborative Cross mouse population can be used to gain insight and suggest mechanistic hypotheses for the dose- and genetic background-dependent effects of chemical exposure. This hypothesis was tested using a model liver toxicant trichloroethylene (TCE). Liver transcriptional responses to TCE exposure were evaluated 24 h after dosing. Transcriptomic dose–responses were examined for both TCE and its major oxidative metabolite trichloroacetic acid (TCA). As expected, peroxisome- and fatty acid metabolism-related pathways were among the most dose–responsive enriched pathways in all strains. However, nearly half of the TCE-induced liver transcriptional perturbation was strain-dependent, with abundant evidence of strain/dose interaction, including in the peroxisomal signaling-associated pathways. These effects were highly concordant between the administered TCE dose and liver levels of TCA. Dose–response analysis of gene expression at the pathway level yielded points of departure similar to those derived from the traditional toxicology studies for both non-cancer and cancer effects. Mapping of expression–genotype–dose relationships revealed some significant associations; however, the effects of TCE on gene expression in liver appear to be highly polygenic traits that are challenging to positionally map. This study highlights the usefulness of mouse population-based studies in assessing inter-individual variation in toxicological responses, but cautions that genetic mapping may be challenging because of the complexity in gene exposure–dose relationships.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported, in part, by a cooperative agreement (STAR RD83561202) from U.S. EPA to Texas A&M University, a Barry Goldwater scholarship, and grants from the National Institutes of Health (U01 ES026717, R00 ES021535, P42 ES027704, and P30 ES025128). The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NIH or policies of EPA.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, 4458 TAMU, College Station, Texas, 77843, USA

    Abhishek Venkatratnam, Kranti Konganti, David W. Threadgill, Weihsueh A. Chiu & Ivan Rusyn

  2. Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA

    Abhishek Venkatratnam

  3. Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695, USA

    John S. House, David L. Aylor & Fred A. Wright

  4. Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695, USA

    John S. House, David L. Aylor & Fred A. Wright

  5. NCSU Undergraduate program in Genetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695, USA

    Connor McKenney

  6. Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695, USA

    David L. Aylor & Fred A. Wright

  7. Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695, USA

    Fred A. Wright

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  1. Abhishek Venkatratnam
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Correspondence to Ivan Rusyn.

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Venkatratnam, A., House, J.S., Konganti, K. et al. Population-based dose–response analysis of liver transcriptional response to trichloroethylene in mouse. Mamm Genome 29, 168–181 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00335-018-9734-y

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