Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Mechanisms of liver regeneration and their clinical implications

  • Topics: Regeneration medicine in the field of liver
  • Published:
Journal of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery

Abstract

During the last few years there have been major advances in the understanding of the mechanisms of liver regeneration. These advances derived to a great extent from the increased use of transgenic and knockout mice. In parallel with the experimental work, human partial liver transplantation from cadavers and living donors continues to increase, stimulating hepatologists and surgeons to learn more about the mechanisms that regulate and promote regeneration. Thus, knowledge generated from laboratory work in rodents can be applied to clinical problems, while data on human transplantation can also guide the design of experimental work. In this review, we discuss a few selected aspects of liver regeneration that are of interest in both the laboratory and the clinic.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. N Fausto (2000) ArticleTitleLiver regeneration J Hepatol 32 IssueIDs1 19–31 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXisFOns7k%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. GK Michalopoulos MC DeFrances (1997) ArticleTitleLiver regeneration Science 276 60–66 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXitlyqt78%3D Occurrence Handle9082986

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. R Taub (2004) ArticleTitleLiver regeneration: from myth to mechanism Nat Rev 5 836–847 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXotVSlsr0%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. N Fausto EM Webber (1994) Liver regeneration I Arias J Boyer N Fausto W Jakoby D Schachter D Shafritz (Eds) The liver biology and pathobiology Raven Press New York 1059–1084

    Google Scholar 

  5. N Bucher (1963) ArticleTitleRegeneration of mammalian liver Int Rev Cytol 15 245–300 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaF3sXksV2gtbg%3D Occurrence Handle14283580

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. A Marcos RA Fisher JM Ham ML Shiffman AJ Sanyal VA Luketic RK Sterling AS Fulcher MP Posner (2000) ArticleTitleLiver regeneration and function in donor and recipient after right lobe adult to adult living donor liver transplantation Transplantation 69 1375–1379 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c3ls1Kitw%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10798757

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. N Fausto JS Campbell (2003) ArticleTitleThe role of hepatocytes and oval cells in liver regeneration and repopulation Mech Dev 120 117–130 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XpsFWis74%3D Occurrence Handle12490302

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. N Fausto (2004) ArticleTitleLiver regeneration and repair: hepatocytes, progenitor cells, and stem cells Hepatology 39 1477–1487 Occurrence Handle15185286

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. EM Tanaka (2003) ArticleTitleRegeneration: if they can do it, why can’t we? Cell 113 559–562 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXksFehtbw%3D Occurrence Handle12787496

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. AC Wozniak J Kong E Bock O Pilipowicz JE Anderson (2005) ArticleTitleSignaling satellite-cell activation in skeletal muscle: markers, models, stretch, and potential alternate pathways Muscle Nerve 31 283–300 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXit1Gltro%3D Occurrence Handle15627266

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. A Mathur JF Martin (2004) ArticleTitleStem cells and repair of the heart Lancet 365 IssueID9429 183–192

    Google Scholar 

  12. K Overturf M al-Dhalimy CN Ou M Finegold M Grompe (1997) ArticleTitleSerial transplantation reveals the stem-cell-like regenerative potential of adult mouse hepatocytes Am J Pathol 151 1273–1280 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK1c%2FitlKntw%3D%3D Occurrence Handle9358753

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. R Huang TD Schiano MJ Amolat CM Miller SN Thung R Saxena (2004) ArticleTitleHepatocellular proliferation and changes in microarchitecture of right-lobe allografts in adult transplant recipients Liver Transpl 10 1461–1467 Occurrence Handle15558841

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. JL Farber SK El-Mofty (1975) ArticleTitleThe biochemical pathology of liver cell necrosis Am J Pathol 81 237–250 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaE28XhsFentg%3D%3D Occurrence Handle1180333

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. M Dabeva D Shafritz (1993) ArticleTitleActivation, proliferation, and differentiation of progenitor cells into hepatocytes in the d-galactosamine model of liver regeneration Am J Pathol 143 1606–1620 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXivFCkurg%3D Occurrence Handle7504886

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. H Shinozuka B Lombardi A Sell RM Iammarino (1978) ArticleTitleEarly histological and functional alterations of ethionine liver carcinogenesis in rats fed a choline deficient diet. Cancer Res 38 1092–1098 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaE1cXktVWnurw%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. RP Evarts P Nagy E Marsden SS Thorgeirsson (1987) ArticleTitleA precursor–product relationship exists between oval cells and hepatocytes in rat liver Carcinogenesis 8 1737–1740 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL1cXitVamsrY%3D Occurrence Handle3664968

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. L Libbrecht T Roskams (2002) ArticleTitleHepatic progenitor cells in human liver disease Sem Cell Dev Biol 13 389–396

    Google Scholar 

  19. TA Roskams ND Theise C Balabaud G Bhagat PS Bhathal P Bioulac-Sage EM Brunt JM Crawford HA Crosby V Desmet MJ Finegold SA Geller ASH Gouw P Hytiroglou AS Knisely M Kojiro JH Lefkowitch Y Nakanuma JK Olynyk YN Park B Portmann R Saxena PJ Scheuer AJ Strain SN Thung IR Wanless AB West (2003) ArticleTitleNomenclature of the finer branches of the biliary tree: canals, ductules, and ductular reactions in human livers Hepatology 39 1739–1745

    Google Scholar 

  20. ND Theise R Saxena BC Portmann SN Thung H Yee L Chiriboga A Kumar JM Crawford (1999) ArticleTitleThe canals of Hering and hepatic stem cells in humans Hepatology 30 1425–1433 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c%2Fkt1eitQ%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10573521

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. M Fujita H Furukawa M Hattori S Todo Y Ishida K Nagashima (2000) ArticleTitleSequential observation of liver cell regeneration after massive hepatic necrosis in auxiliary partial orthotopic liver transplantation Mod Pathol 13 152–157 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c7mtVentw%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10697272

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. LE Schmidt K Dalhoff (2005) ArticleTitleAlpha-fetoprotein is a predictor of outcome in acetaminophen-induced liver injury Hepatology 41 26–31 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXotFWrug%3D%3D Occurrence Handle15690478

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. TA Roskams L Libbrecht VJ Desmet (2003) ArticleTitleProgenitor cells in diseased human liver Sem Liver Dis 23 385–396 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXhtFWqtLnO

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. O Falkowski HJ An IA Ianus L Chiriboga H Yee AB West ND Theise (2003) ArticleTitleRegeneration of hepatocyte “buds” in cirrhosis from intrabiliary stem cells J Hepatol 39 357–364 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXmsVCit74%3D Occurrence Handle12927921

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. H Fujii T Hirose S Oe K Yasuchika H Azuma T Fujikawa M Nagao Y Yamaoka (2002) ArticleTitleContribution of bone marrow cells to liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in mice J Hepatol 36 653–659 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xjtl2ksb4%3D Occurrence Handle11983449

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. AB Salazar VC McAlister R Gupta AS MacDonald (2001) ArticleTitleCirculating endothelial cells after transplantation Lancet 357 IssueID9266 1450 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD3M3ntlenuw%3D%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. JW Grisham (1962) ArticleTitleA morphologic study of deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis and cell proliferation in regenerating rat liver: autoradiography with thymidine-H Cancer Res 22 842–849 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaF38Xks1GnurY%3D Occurrence Handle13902009

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. TC Weglarz EP Sandgren (2000) ArticleTitleTiming of hepatocyte entry into DNA synthesis after partial hepatectomy is cell autonomous Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97 12595–12600 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXotFygtL0%3D Occurrence Handle11050176

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. CJ Nelsen DG Rickheim MM Tucker LK Hansen JH Albrecht (2003) ArticleTitleEvidence that cyclin D1 mediates both growth and proliferation downstream of TOR in hepatocytes J Biol Chem 278 3656–3663 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXot1Kkuw%3D%3D Occurrence Handle12446670

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. R Taub (1996) ArticleTitleTranscriptional control of liver regeneration FASEB J 10 413–427 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK28XitlSmsLs%3D Occurrence Handle8647340

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. AI Su LG Guidotti JP Pezacki FV Chisari PG Schultz (2002) ArticleTitleGene expression during the priming phase of liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99 11181–11186 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XmslSmt7Y%3D Occurrence Handle12177410

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. P White JE Brestelli KH Kaestner LE Greenbaum (2004) ArticleTitleIdentification of transcriptional networks during liver regeneration J Biol Chem 280 3715–3722 Occurrence Handle15546871

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Y Yamada I Kirillova JJ Peschon N Fausto (1997) ArticleTitleInitiation of liver growth by tumor necrosis factor: deficient liver regeneration in mice lacking type I tumor necrosis factor receptor Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 28 959–970

    Google Scholar 

  34. DE Cressman LE Greenbaum RA DeAngelis G Ciliberto EE Furth V Poli R Taub (1996) ArticleTitleLiver failure and defective hepatocyte regeneration in interleukin-6-deficient mice Science 274 1379–1383 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK28XntFKlsrg%3D Occurrence Handle8910279

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. X Ren C Hogaboam A Carpenter L Colletti (2003) ArticleTitleStem cell factor restores hepatocyte proliferation in IL-6 knockout mice following 70% partial hepatectomy J Clin Invest 112 1407–1418 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXovVGqs7k%3D Occurrence Handle14597766

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Chaisson ML, Brooling JT, Ladiges W, Tsai S, Fausto N (2002) J Clin Invest 110:193–202

    Google Scholar 

  37. DL Krebs DJ Hilton (2000) ArticleTitleSOCS: physiological suppressors of cytokine signaling J Cell Sci 1113 IssueID16 2813–2819

    Google Scholar 

  38. WS Alexander DJ Hilton (2004) ArticleTitleThe role of suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins in regulation of the immune response Annu Rev Immunol 22 503–529 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXktlOgsL0%3D Occurrence Handle15032587

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. JS Campbell L Prichard F Schaper J Schmitz A Stephenson-Famy M Rosenfeld GM Argast PC Heinrich N Fausto (2001) ArticleTitleExpression of suppressors of cytokine signaling during liver regeneration J Clin Invest 107 1285–1292 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXjsl2ntrY%3D Occurrence Handle11375418

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. RP Cornell (1985) ArticleTitleRestriction of gut-derived endotoxin impairs DNA synthesis for liver regeneration Am J Physiol 249 IssueID5 R563–R569 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL28Xmtlygtw%3D%3D Occurrence Handle3904484

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. RP Cornell BL Lilijequist KF Bartizal (1990) ArticleTitleDepressed liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in germ-free athymic and lipopolysaccharide-resistant mice Hepatology 11 916–922 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXkt1ek Occurrence Handle2194922

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. CW Strey M Markiewski D Mastellos R Tudoran LA Spruce LE Greenbaum JD Lambris (2003) ArticleTitleThe proinflammatory mediators C3a and C5a are essential for liver regeneration J Exp Med 198 913–923 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXnsV2ntLg%3D Occurrence Handle12975457

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. M Daveau M Benard M Scott MT Schouft M Hiron A Francois JP Salier M Fontaine (2004) ArticleTitleExpression of a functional C5a receptor in regenerating hepatocytes and its involvement in a proliferative signaling pathway in rat J Immunol 173 3418–3424 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXmvVGjs7Y%3D Occurrence Handle15322206

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. P Peddiaditakis JC Lopes-Talavera B Petersen SP Monga GK Michalopoulos (2001) ArticleTitleThe processing and utilization of hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor following partial hepatectomy in the rat Hepatology 34 IssueID4 688–693 Occurrence Handle11584364

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. CG Huh VM Factor A Sanchez K Uchida EA Conner SS Thorgeirsson (2004) ArticleTitleHepatocyte growth factor/c-met signaling pathway is required for efficient liver regeneration and repair Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101 4477–4482 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXjtFKju7c%3D Occurrence Handle15070743

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. M Borowiak AN Garratt T Wustefeld M Strehle C Trautwein C Birchmeier (2004) ArticleTitleMet provides essential signals for liver regeneration Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101 10608–10613 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXmtFWmsb4%3D Occurrence Handle15249655

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. A Ido A Moriuchi I Kim M Numata Y Nagata-Tsubouchi S Hasuike H Uto H Tsubouchi (2004) ArticleTitlePharmacokinetic study of recombinant human hepatocyte growth factor administered in a bolus intravenously or via portal vein Hepatol Res 30 175–181 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXhtVGns7%2FJ Occurrence Handle15588784

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. JE Mead N Fausto (1989) ArticleTitleTransforming growth factor alpha may be a physiological regulator of liver regeneration by means of an autocrine mechanism Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86 1558–1562 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL1MXhsVyksLk%3D Occurrence Handle2922399

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. G Argast JS Campbell JT Brooling N Fausto (2004) ArticleTitleEpidermal growth factor receptor transactivation mediates tumor necrosis factor-induced hepatocyte replication J Biol Chem 279 34530–34536 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXmvFenu78%3D Occurrence Handle15199050

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. WE Russell WK Kaufmann S Sitaric NC Leutteke DC Lee (1996) ArticleTitleLiver regeneration and hepatocarcinogenesis in transforming growth factor alpha targeted mice. Mol Carcinog 15 183–189 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK28XhvVGhsbY%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. S Kiso S Kawata S Tamura S Higashiyama N Ito H Tsushima N Taniguchi Y Matsuzawa (1995) ArticleTitleRole of heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor as a hepatotrophic factor in rat liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy Hepatology 22 1584–1590 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK28XjvVyn Occurrence Handle7590679

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. C Mitchell M Nivison LF Jackson R Fox DC Lee JS Campbell N Fausto (2004) ArticleTitleHeparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor links hepatocyte priming with cell cycle progression during liver regeneration J Biol Chem 280 2562–2568 Occurrence Handle15536070

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. T Tomiya S Hayashi M Yanasa N Umeda M Tani S Yamada N Masaki I Ogata K Fujiwara (1997) ArticleTitleSerum transforming growth factor-alpha level can be a parameter for evaluating liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in patients with liver cancer Sem Oncol 24 IssueID2 S6-14–S6-17

    Google Scholar 

  54. A Yamada S Kawata S Tamura S Kiso S Higashiyama K Umeshita M Sakon N Taniguchi M Monden Y Matsuzawa (1998) ArticleTitlePlasma heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor levels in patients after partial hepatectomy as determined with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay Biochem Biophys Res Comm 246 783–787 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXjsFGksb4%3D Occurrence Handle9618289

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. EM Webber J Bruix RH Pierce N Fausto (1998) ArticleTitleTumor necrosis factor primes hepatocytes for DNA replication in the rat Hepatology 28 1226–1234 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXntlSjs70%3D Occurrence Handle9794905

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. DC Lee SW Sunnarborg CL Hinkle TJ Myers MY Stevenson WE Russell BJ Castner MJ Gerhart RJ Paxton RA Black A Chang LF Jackson (2003) ArticleTitleTACS/ADAM17 processing of EGFR ligands indicates a role as a physiological convertase Ann NY Acad Sci 995 22–38 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXlsVegu7c%3D Occurrence Handle12814936

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. TH Kim WM Mars DB Stolz GK Michalopoulos (2000) ArticleTitleExpression and activation of pro-MMP-2 and pro-MMP-9 during rat liver regeneration Hepatology 31 75–82 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXks1Ojsw%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10613731

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Ludewig S, Minor GR, Hortenstine JC (1939) Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 42:158

    Google Scholar 

  59. AB Murray W Stecker S Silz (1981) ArticleTitleUltrastructural changes in rat hepatocytes after partial hepatectomy, and comparison with biochemical results J Cell Sci 50 433–448 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:Bi2D1MfjtFY%3D Occurrence Handle7320075

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. A Lonardo (1999) ArticleTitleFatty liver and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Where do we stand and where are we going? Am J Dig Dis 17 80–89 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c%2FhsVyjtg%3D%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. KE Behrns GG Tisotos NF De Souza MK Krishna J Ludwig DM Nagorney (1998) ArticleTitleHepatic steatosis as a potential risk factor for major hepatic resection J Gastrointest Surg 2 292–298 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK1M%2FlvF2ksQ%3D%3D Occurrence Handle9841987

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. A D’Alessandro M Kalayoglu H Sollinger RM Hoffmann A Reed SJ Knechtle JD Pirsch GR Hafez D Lorentzen FO Belzer (1991) ArticleTitleThe predictive value of donor liver biopsies for the development of primary nonfunction after orthotopic liver transplantation Transplantation 51 157–163 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:By6C3c3nvFA%3D Occurrence Handle1987685

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. S Todo A Demetris L Teperman L Podesta T Shaver A Tzakas TE Starzl (1989) ArticleTitlePrimary nonfunction of hepatic allografts with pre-existing fatty infiltration Transplantation 47 903–905 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:BiaB2c3osVI%3D Occurrence Handle2655230

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. M Selzner PA Clavien (2000) ArticleTitleFailure of regeneration of the steatotic rat liver: disruption at two different levels in the regeneration pathway Hepatology 31 35–42 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c%2FotVynug%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10613725

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. SQ Yang HZ Lin AK Mandal J Huang AM Diehl (2001) ArticleTitleDisrupted signaling and inhibited regeneration in obese mice with fatty livers: implications for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease pathophysiology Hepatology 34 694–706 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXns1Kisr4%3D Occurrence Handle11584365

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. SP Anderson L Yoon EB Richard CS Dunn RC Cattley JC Corton (2002) ArticleTitleDelayed liver regeneration in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha-null mice Hepatology 36 544–554 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XnvVSkt7w%3D Occurrence Handle12198646

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. BH Zhang M Weltman GC Farrell (1999) ArticleTitleDoes steatohepatitis impair liver regeneration? A study in a dietary model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in rats J Gastroenterol Hepatol 14 133–137 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK1M7ltFOmsw%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10029293

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. C Picard L Lambotte P Starkel C Sempoux A Saliez Den Van V Berge Y Horsmans (2002) ArticleTitleSteatosis is not sufficient to cause an impaired regenerative response after partial hepatectomy in rats J Hepatol 32 645–652

    Google Scholar 

  69. E Shleyer Y Liao LJ Muglia PW Hruz DA Rudnick (2004) ArticleTitleDisruption of hepatic adipogenesis is associated with impaired liver regeneration in mice Hepatology 40 1322–1332 Occurrence Handle15565660

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. GC Farrell (2004) ArticleTitleProbing Prometheus: fat fueling the fire? Hepatology 40 1252–1255 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhslahsw%3D%3D Occurrence Handle15558710

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. F Guerrieri G Pellecchia B Lopriore S Papa GE Liquori D Ferri L Moro E Marra M Greco (2002) ArticleTitleChanges in ultrastructure and the occurrence of permeability transition in mitochondria during rat liver regeneration Eur J Biochem 269 3304–3312 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XlsVyru7k%3D Occurrence Handle12084072

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. G Cataldegirmen S Zeng N Feirt N Ippagunta H Dun W Qu Y Lu LL Rong MA Hofmann T Kislinger SI Pachydaki DG Jenkins A Weinberg J Lefkowitch X Rogiers SF Yan AM Schmidt JC Emond (2005) ArticleTitleRAGE limits regeneration after massive liver injury by coordinated suppression of TNF-alpha and NF-kappa-B J Exp Med 201 473–484 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhtlegsLw%3D Occurrence Handle15699076

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. EA Pomfret JJ Pomposelli FD Gordon N Erbay LL Price WD Lewis RL Jenkins (2003) ArticleTitleLiver regeneration and surgical outcome in donors of right-lobe liver grafts Transplantation 76 5–10 Occurrence Handle12865779

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. S Nadalin G Testa M Malago M Beste A Frilling T Schroeder C Jochum G Gerken CE Broelsch (2004) ArticleTitleVolumetric and functional recovery of the liver after right hepatectomy for living donation Liver Transpl 10 1024–1029 Occurrence Handle15390329

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. IR Kamel N Erbay G Warmbrand JB Kruskal EA Pomfret V Raptopoulos (2003) ArticleTitleLiver regeneration after living adult right-lobe transplantation Abd Imaging 28 53–57 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD38jitFCgtQ%3D%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. A Humar K Kosari TD Sielaff B Glessing M Gomes C Dietz G Rosen J Lake WD Payne (2004) ArticleTitleLiver regeneration after adult living donor and deceased donor split-liver transplants Liver Transpl 10 374–378 Occurrence Handle15004764

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

About this article

Cite this article

Fausto, N., Riehle, K. Mechanisms of liver regeneration and their clinical implications. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 12, 181–189 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00534-005-0979-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00534-005-0979-y

Key words

Navigation