Solute collection after off-line supercritical fluid extraction into a moving liquid layer

doi:10.1016/0021-9673(94)00694-6

Journal of Chromatography A

Volume 685, Issue 1, 11 November 1994, Pages 113-119

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Abstract

A solute collection method after off-line supercritical fluid extraction using a moving layer of liquid organic solvent flowing down through a fused-silica capillary (0.5 mm I.D.) is proposed. Recoveries of over 90% were measured for selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (acenaphthene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene and benzo[a]pyrene) and s-triazine herbicides when methanol was used as a trapping solvent.

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This review is a comprehensive summary of available collection techniques in supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), with emphasis on which parameters are especially important for a successful analyte collection. Environmental, biological and agricultural applications, including several types of sample matrices and analyte groups, are discussed with respect to choice of collection mode and optimization of collection conditions. This review also includes discussions about collection when a modifier is used or when the sample contains large amounts of fat or water, as well as possibilities to achieve enhanced selectivity.
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Citation Excerpt :
The selectivity for a specific analyte usually decreases, resulting in coextracted solutes which can also complicate analyte collection [60]. If a solid-phase trap is used for collection, its temperature must be high enough so that the modifier will not condense in the trap and cause breakthrough of the analytes off the trap [61,62]. An alternative is to use a longer trap of higher capacity for condensed modifier, thereby allowing the use of lower temperature [63].
Extraction and chromatographic separation of fat-soluble vitamins is a challenging task, due to the sensitivity of these compounds towards light, oxygen, heat and pH. In light of this, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) are attractive techniques as they function at considerably milder conditions than conventional solvent-based analytical techniques. Moreover, supercritical techniques consume much less amounts of organic solvents than conventional ones. This review gives a brief description of suitable supercritical media as well as basic theory on SFE and SFC processes. Furthermore, guidelines are provided for optimizing the important extraction and separation parameters to facilitate a successful method development. Finally, applications employing SFE and/or SFC for fat-soluble vitamin enrichment and final determination are reviewed.
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Regular papersSolute collection after off-line supercritical fluid extraction into a moving liquid layer

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Solute collection after off-line supercritical fluid extraction into a moving liquid layer