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Stimulation of accumbal GABA <inf>B</inf> receptors inhibits delta1- and delta2-opioid receptor-mediated dopamine efflux in the nucleus accumbens of freely moving rats
2018, European Journal of PharmacologyCitation Excerpt :Compounds were quantified by electrochemical detection using a glassy carbon working electrode set at + 400 mV against a silver-silver chloride reference electrode (WE-3G; Eicom, Kyoto, Japan), giving a detection limit for dopamine of about 0.02 pg per sample at a 2:1 signal to noise ratio. The in vitro recovery of the probes was approximately 12% for dopamine, but the reported concentrations were not adjusted for recovery in vivo because these estimations are not accurate (Benveniste et al., 1989; Lindefors et al., 1989). Previous studies in which we have used the same technique and procedure have indicated that dopamine efflux is substantially stabilised 16 h after probe insertion, and that the release seen at this time is largely dependent on neuronal release, as more than 70% of release is tetrodotoxin-sensitive (Okutsu et al., 2006; Saigusa et al., 2001, 2012).
A microdialysis method to measure in vivo hydrogen peroxide and superoxide in various rodent tissues
2016, MethodsCitation Excerpt :All experimental procedures were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Guidelines for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Microdialysis involves embedding a thin, flexible, biocompatible fiber, termed microdialysis probe, into tissue [37,38]. The fibers utilized herein had a length of 30 cm and a diameter of 218 μm.
In vivo neurochemical evidence that delta1-, delta2- and mu2-opioid receptors, but not mu1-opioid receptors, inhibit acetylcholine efflux in the nucleus accumbens of freely moving rats
2016, European Journal of PharmacologyCitation Excerpt :Dopamine was quantified by electrochemical detection using a glassy carbon working electrode set at +450 mV against a silver-silver chloride reference electrode (WE-3G; Eicom, Kyoto, Japan), giving a detection limit of approximately 20 pmol (0.05 pg) per sample at a 2:1 signal to noise ratio. The probes had an in vitro recovery of approximately 12% for the above-mentioned amines, but the reported concentrations were not adjusted for recovery in vivo because these estimations are inaccurate (Benveniste et al., 1989 Lindefors et al., 1989). Previous experiments in which we have used the same techniques and procedures have shown that dopamine efflux is stabilised approximately 16 h after probe insertion and that the release seen at this time is largely dependent on neuronal release, as more than 70% of release is tetrodotoxin-sensitive (Saigusa et al., 2012a).