Review article
The role of lipid peroxidation and antioxidants in oxidative modification of LDL

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Abstract

The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive survey on the compositional properties of LDL (e.g., lipid classes, fatty acids, antioxidants) relevant for its susceptibility to oxidation, on the mechanism and kinetics of LDL oxidation, and on the chemical and physico-chemical properties of LDL oxidized by exposure to copper ions. Studies on the occurrence of oxidized LDL in plasma, arteries, and plaques of humans and experimental animals are discussed with particular focus on the use of poly- and monoclonal antibodies for immunochemical demonstration of apolipoprotein B modifications characteristic for lipid peroxidation. Apart from uptake of oxidized LDL by macrophages, studies describing biological effects of heavily or minimally oxidized LDL are only briefly addressed, since several reviews dealing with this subject were recently published. This article is concluded with a section on the role of natural and synthetic antioxidants in protecting LDL against oxidation, as well as some previously unpublished material from our laboratories.

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    1

    Hermann Esterbauer, PhD, is a Professor of Biochemistry at the University of Graz, Austria. He was trained in chemistry and biology at the Universities of Vienna and Graz, and graduated with a PhD in 1963. He did postdoctoral work (1973–1974) at the University of Pittsburgh and at the Michigan State University and was visiting Professor at the Universities of Turin (1984–1988) and Siena (1989) and at the Brunel University (1987–1991).

    2

    Janusz Gebicki, PhD, is Associate Professor in Biology at the Macquarie University, Sydney. He studied chemistry at the University of London, where he gained the BSc and PhD degrees. He subsequently worked at McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada, at the Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Missouri, and at the Brookhaven National University, near New York. He was appointed to Macquarie University, Sydney, after a period as Research Fellow at the Australian National University.

    3

    Herbert Puhl, PhD, is a postdoctoral fellow at the Institute of Biochemistry, University of Graz. He studied biology and chemistry and gained his PhD in 1992 from the University of Graz.

    4

    Günther Jürgens, PhD, is Associate Professor of Biochemistry at the Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Medical School, University of Graz. He studied chemistry, performed his thesis in physical chemistry and biochemistry, and graduated with a PhD at the University of Graz in 1974.

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