Original contributionMPP+ and MPDP+ induced oxygen radical formation with mitochondrial enzymes
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2018, Comprehensive Toxicology: Third EditionEffect of a phytopharmaceutical medicine, Ginko biloba extract 761, in an animal model of Parkinson's disease: Therapeutic perspectives
2012, NutritionCitation Excerpt :MPTP oxidation to MPP+ by MAO-B in the brain generates free radical production [67]. Incubation of MPP+ with mitochondrial enzymes induces free radical production [68], and the increase in free radicals can further inhibit the function of complex I. MPTP- and MPP+-induced toxicities are linked, in part, to oxidative stress by the production of ROS [69]. Further supporting evidence includes the observation that pretreatment of mice with diethyldithiocarbamate, a SOD inhibitor, increases MPTP-induced neurotoxicity [70].
S-Allylcysteine, a garlic compound, protects against oxidative stress in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced parkinsonism in mice
2011, Journal of Nutritional BiochemistryInhibition of the bioactivation of the neurotoxin MPTP by antioxidants, redox agents and monoamine oxidase inhibitors
2011, Food and Chemical ToxicologyTetrahydroxystilbene glucoside protects human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells against MPP<sup>+</sup>-induced cytotoxicity
2011, European Journal of PharmacologyCitation Excerpt :1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), the active metabolite of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), is a neurotoxin that is taken up by dopaminergic neurons to induce a syndrome that closely resembles Parkinson's disease. Although other pathways are involved as well (Cappelletti et al., 2005; Gómez-Santos et al., 2002; Lee et al., 2000; Wang et al., 2007a), MPP+ has been shown to potently inhibit complex I of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, resulting in ATP depletion, mitochondrial membrane potential alteration and the possible generation of superoxide (Adams et al., 1993; Bates et al., 1994; Dauer and Przedborski, 2003; Ghosh et al., 2010). Moreover, prolonged exposure to MPP+ results in cytotoxicity and cell death by apoptosis (Smeyne and Jackson-Lewis, 2005).