Resveratrol scavenges reactive oxygen species and effects radical-induced cellular responses

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Abstract

Scavenging or quenching of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) involved in oxidative stress has been the subject of many recent studies. Resveratrol, found in various natural food products, has been linked to decreased coronary artery disease and preventing cancer development. The present study measured the effect of resveratrol on several different systems involving the hydroxyl, superoxide, metal/enzymatic-induced, and cellular generated radicals. The rate constant for reaction of resveratrol with the hydroxyl radical was determined, and resveratrol was found to be an effective scavenger of hydroxyl, superoxide, and metal-induced radicals as well as showing antioxidant abilities in cells producing ROS. Resveratrol exhibits a protective effect against lipid peroxidation in cell membranes and DNA damage caused by ROS. Resveratrol was also found to have a significant inhibitory effect on the NF-κB signaling pathway after cellular exposure to metal-induced radicals. It was concluded that resveratrol in foods plays an important antioxidant role.

Section snippets

Materials and methods

Materials. Resveratrol, glutathione reductase (GSSG-R), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reduced form (NADPH), FeSO4, H2O2, xanthine, xanthine oxidase, sodium formate, sodium dichromate (Na2Cr2O7), Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), fetal bovine serum (FBS), and penicillin/streptomycin were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO). 5,5-Dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO) was purchased from Aldrich (Milwaukee, WI). Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was purchased from Gibco-BRL

Scavenging of OH by resveratrol

The Fenton reaction (Fe2+ + H2O2  Fe3+ + OH + OH) was used as a source of OH radicals. The results of scavenging OH radicals generated with this reaction by the addition of resveratrol are shown in Fig. 2. Fig. 2A shows a spectrum of an aqueous solution containing Fe2+, H2O2, and the spin trap DMPO in a phosphate-buffered saline solution. The spectrum is a 1:2:2:1 quartet with splittings at aN=aH=14.9 gauss (G). These splitting constants and the 1:2:2:1 quartet are indicative of the DMPO/OH adduct [40]

Discussion

ROS and free radicals are involved in a variety of diseases and cellular response pathways. Organisms generate antioxidants, such as catalase, SOD, and uric acid, which act as endogenous antioxidant defenses. Recently, exogenous antioxidants introduced through diet or by other means are becoming popular. There has been a growing interest in the identification of possible dietary antioxidants to treat or prevent diseases caused by free radicals. These substances include fruits, vegetables, and

Acknowledgements

The authors thank Dr. James Antonini for his critical reading of the manuscript.

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