Basic-alimentary tractBacterial colonization leads to the colonic secretion of RELMβ/FIZZ2, a novel goblet cell-specific protein☆
Section snippets
Animal studies
Germ-free BALB/c and C.B17.SCID mice were bred and housed in the germ-free facility of the Department of Biology at the University of Pennsylvania (Philadelphia, PA) under sterile conditions in Trexler isolators (Standard Safety, McHenry, IL). Conventionally reared BALB/c mice were purchased from Jackson Laboratories (Bar Harbor, ME) and housed in the animal facility of the Department of Biology at the University of Pennsylvania. To compare RELMβ expression under germ-free and conventional
RELMβ is expressed in goblet cells
Immunolocalization of RELMβ protein in the mouse colon was performed using a polyclonal, affinity-purified antibody to the carboxyl terminus. RELMβ is expressed throughout the colon, with the highest level of expression observed in the distal half of the colon and the cecum (Figure 1, Figure 2). This is consistent with the pattern of mRNA expression.15 Blocking experiments using the peptide immunogen show that the detection of RELMβ using this antibody is highly specific (Figure 1B). The
Discussion
The intestinal epithelium is a mucosal surface at the interface between luminal contents of the alimentary tract and the internal environment of the animal. More than simply a barrier, the intestinal epithelium is an active interface that responds to the external (luminal) environment as well as internal stimuli by producing proteins that are secreted both apically and basolaterally. As exocrine cells that secrete proteins into the intestinal lumen, goblet cells play an important role in
Acknowledgements
The authors thank Elizabeth Brown for help in antibody production as well as Michelle Mikell and Alvan Chaney for germ-free and gnotobiotic mouse husbandry.
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Supported by National Institutes of Health grants DK47709 and AI39368 (to G.D.W.), DK49780 (to M.A.L.), AI37108 (to J.J.C.), and Center grant P30 DK-50306.
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W.H. and M.-L.W. contributed equally to this work.