Quantitative structure-metabolism relationships: steric and nonsteric effects in the enzymatic hydrolysis of noncongener carboxylic esters

J Med Chem. 1999 Dec 16;42(25):5160-8. doi: 10.1021/jm990145k.

Abstract

An attempt to quantitatively describe human blood in vitro hydrolysis data for more than 80 compounds belonging to seven different noncongener series of ester-containing drugs is presented. A parameter not yet explored in pharmaceutical studies, the inaccessible solid angle Omega(h), calculated around different atoms was used as a measure of steric hindrance, and the steric hindrance around the carbonyl sp(2) oxygen (Omega(h)(O=)) proved the most relevant parameter. The obtained final equation, log t(1/2) = -3.805 + 0.172Omega(h)(O=) - 10.146q(C=) + 0.112QLogP, also includes the AM1-calculated charge on the carbonyl carbon (q(C=)) and a calculated log octanol-water partition coefficient (QLogP) as parameters and accounts for 80% of the variability in the log half-lives of 67 compounds. A number of structures are still mispredicted, but the equation agrees very well with a recently proposed mechanism for hydrolysis by carboxylesterases. The model, with a predictive power tested here on three unrelated structures, should be useful in estimating approximate rates of hydrolysis for prodrug or soft drug candidates ahead of their synthesis.

MeSH terms

  • Carboxylic Acids / metabolism*
  • Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases / metabolism*
  • Esters / metabolism
  • Half-Life
  • Humans
  • Hydrolysis
  • Pharmacokinetics
  • Structure-Activity Relationship

Substances

  • Carboxylic Acids
  • Esters
  • Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases