An omega-3 epoxide of docosahexaenoic acid lowers blood pressure in angiotensin-II-dependent hypertension

J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2014 Jul;64(1):87-99. doi: 10.1097/FJC.0000000000000094.

Abstract

Mediators of antihypertensive actions of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are largely unknown. The omega-3 epoxide of DHA, 19, 20-EDP (epoxy docosapentaenoic acid), is metabolized by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), which also metabolizes the anti-inflammatory and antihypertensive arachidonic acid epoxides, epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs). Based in part on plasma levels of EDPs after a DHA-rich diet, we hypothesized that 19, 20-EDP contributes to the antihypertensive actions of DHA in angiotensin-II (Ang-II)-dependent hypertension. Treatment individually with 19, 20-EDP and a potent sEH inhibitor TPPU (1-trifluoromethoxyphenyl-3-(1-propionylpiperidin-4-yl) urea) significantly lowered blood pressure (BP) as compared with Ang-II-infused animals. The largest reduction in BP was obtained with the combination of 19, 20-EDP and TPPU, which was more efficacious than the combination of 14, 15-EET and TPPU. Oxylipin profiling revealed that 19, 20-EDP and 14, 15-EET infusion affected not only most metabolites of the P450 pathway but also renal levels of prostaglandin-E2. Our findings suggest that 19, 20-EDP is a mediator of the antihypertensive effects of DHA in Ang-II-dependent hypertension. It seems that 19, 20-EDP requires metabolic stabilization with a sEH inhibitor to be most effective in lowering BP, although both TPPU and 19, 20-EDP are so effective on their own that demonstrating additive or synergistic interactions is difficult.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Angiotensin II / metabolism
  • Animals
  • Antihypertensive Agents / pharmacology*
  • Blood Pressure / drug effects
  • Docosahexaenoic Acids / pharmacology*
  • Epoxide Hydrolases / metabolism
  • Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / pharmacology*
  • Hypertension / drug therapy*
  • Hypertension / physiopathology
  • Male
  • Mice
  • Phenylurea Compounds / pharmacology
  • Piperidines / pharmacology

Substances

  • 1-trifluoromethoxyphenyl-3-(1-propionylpiperidine-4-yl)urea
  • Antihypertensive Agents
  • Fatty Acids, Omega-3
  • Phenylurea Compounds
  • Piperidines
  • Angiotensin II
  • Docosahexaenoic Acids
  • Epoxide Hydrolases