Development of an in vitro cytochrome P450 cocktail inhibition assay for assessing the inhibition risk of drugs of abuse

Toxicol Lett. 2014 Oct 1;230(1):28-35. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.08.004. Epub 2014 Aug 8.

Abstract

Drugs of abuse are not tested for cytochrome P450 (CYP) inhibition potential before distribution. Therefore, a cocktail assay should be developed for testing the inhibition potential for all relevant CYPs. The following CYP test substrates and selective inhibitors were incubated in pooled human liver microsomes: phenacetin (alpha-naphthoflavone for CYP1A2), coumarin (tranylcypromine, CYP2A6), bupropion (sertraline, CYP2B6), amodiaquine (trimethoprim, CYP2C8), diclofenac (sulfaphenazole, CYP2C9), omeprazole (fluconazole, CYP2C19), dextromethorphan (quinidine, CYP2D6), chlorzoxazone (clomethiazole, CYP2E1), testosterone (verapamil, CYP3A). Samples were analyzed after protein precipitation using a Thermo Fisher Q-Exactive LC-high-resolution-MS/MS. The IC50 values were calculated by plotting the concentration of the formed metabolite, relative to the control sample, over the logarithm of the inhibitor concentration. They were determined either for single substrate or the cocktail incubation. Unfortunately, the cocktail assay had to be split because of interferences during incubation caused by substrates or metabolites, but the mixture of both incubates could be analyzed in one analytical run. The IC50 values determined in the single substrate or both cocktail incubations were comparable among themselves and with published data. In conclusion, the new inhibition cocktail assay was reproducible and applicable for testing the inhibition potential of drugs of abuse as exemplified for 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodo-amfetamine (DOI).

Keywords: CYP inhibition; Cocktail assay; Drugs of abuse; LC-HR–MS/MS.

MeSH terms

  • Biological Assay / methods*
  • Biotransformation
  • Chemical Precipitation
  • Chromatography, Liquid
  • Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors*
  • Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / metabolism
  • Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
  • Enzyme Inhibitors / toxicity*
  • Humans
  • In Vitro Techniques
  • Kinetics
  • Microsomes, Liver / drug effects*
  • Microsomes, Liver / enzymology
  • Reproducibility of Results
  • Risk Assessment
  • Substance-Related Disorders / complications
  • Substance-Related Disorders / enzymology*
  • Substrate Specificity
  • Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Substances

  • Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors
  • Enzyme Inhibitors
  • Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System