In vitro characterization of the inhibition profile of loratadine, desloratadine, and 3-OH-desloratadine for five human cytochrome P-450 enzymes

Drug Metab Dispos. 2001 Sep;29(9):1173-5.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate loratadine, desloratadine, and 3-OH-desloratadine as inhibitors of certain human liver cytochrome P-450 enzymes. Pooled human liver microsomes were used to determine whether loratadine, desloratadine, and 3-OH-desloratadine were inhibitors of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 1A2, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, and 3A4. Loratadine did not inhibit CYP1A2 or CYP3A4 at concentrations up to 3829 ng/ml, which is approximately 815-fold greater than the expected maximal human plasma concentration (4.7 +/- 2.7 ng/ml) following the recommended dose of 10 mg/day. Loratadine inhibited CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 with IC(50) values of approximately 0.76 microM [291 ng/ml; K(i) congruent with 0.61 microM (234 ng/ml)] and 8.1 microM [3100 ng/ml; K(i) congruent with 2.7 microM (1034 ng/ml)], respectively, which are approximately 62 and 660 times the expected loratadine therapeutic exposure concentration. Neither desloratadine nor 3-OH-desloratadine inhibited CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, or CYP3A4 greater than 25% at concentrations of 3108 or 3278 ng/ml, respectively. These results suggest that loratadine and the active metabolites desloratadine and 3-OH-desloratadine are unlikely to affect the pharmacokinetics of coadministered drugs which are metabolized by these five cytochrome P-450 enzymes.

MeSH terms

  • Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases*
  • Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2
  • Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Inhibitors
  • Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19
  • Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9
  • Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 Inhibitors
  • Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A
  • Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors*
  • Enzyme Inhibitors / pharmacology*
  • Histamine H1 Antagonists / pharmacology*
  • Humans
  • In Vitro Techniques
  • Loratadine / analogs & derivatives
  • Loratadine / pharmacology*
  • Mixed Function Oxygenases / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Steroid 16-alpha-Hydroxylase*
  • Steroid Hydroxylases / antagonists & inhibitors

Substances

  • Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Inhibitors
  • Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 Inhibitors
  • Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors
  • Enzyme Inhibitors
  • Histamine H1 Antagonists
  • Loratadine
  • Mixed Function Oxygenases
  • Steroid Hydroxylases
  • CYP2C9 protein, human
  • Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9
  • Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases
  • CYP1A2 protein, human
  • CYP2C19 protein, human
  • CYP3A protein, human
  • Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2
  • Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19
  • Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A
  • Steroid 16-alpha-Hydroxylase
  • CYP3A4 protein, human
  • desloratadine