ATP-binding cassette transporter B1 (ABCB1; P-glycoprotein; multidrug resistance protein 1)
is an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent efflux transporter located in the plasma …

Metformin is a biguanide derivative used in the treatment of type II diabetes (T2D) and one
of the world's most widely prescribed drugs. Owing to its safety profile, it has been recently …

This review summarises clinical pharmacological aspects of thiopurines in the treatment of
chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Current knowledge of pharmacogenetically …

Background P‐glycoprotein, the gene product of MDR1, confers multidrug resistance against
antineoplastic agents but also plays an important role in the bioavailability of common …

The pathogenesis of Crohn′s disease (CD), an idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease, is
attributed, in part, to intestinal bacteria that may initiate and perpetuate mucosal inflammation …

Background The benefit of pharmacogenetic testing before starting drug therapy has been
well documented for several single gene–drug combinations. However, the clinical utility of a …

Defensins are endogenous antimicrobial peptides that protect the intestinal mucosa against
bacterial invasion. It has been suggested that deficient defensin expression may underlie …

Purpose To assess the predictive value of polymorphisms in dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase
(DPYD), thymidylate synthase (TYMS), and methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (…

The thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) genetic polymorphism has a significant clinical
impact on the toxicity of thiopurine drugs. It has been proposed that the identification of …

This study aimed to characterize possible relationships between polymorphisms in the drug
transporter genes organic anion transporting polypeptide-C (OATP-C, SLCO1B1), OATP-B (…