Often stoichiometric amounts of gold find use in materials science; occasionally gold is even
used as a support. This review discusses the contributions of gold catalysis, both …

Silver-catalyzed reactions are some of the important methodologies in organic chemistry.
Since 2007, a new application of silver catalysts has been emerging. For the sequential …

… However, recent research has revealed excellent effects on in vivo anticarcinogenesis studies
(Sekine et al. 1997a; Iigo et al. 1999; Wang et al. 2000; Tsuda et al. 2000). The process of …

… k, Shh was expressed in the posterior mesenchyme of the wild-type limb buds but not in
the homozygous limb buds (l, asterisk). Note that Shh expression in the floor plate was …

A critical shortage of donor organs for treating end-stage organ failure highlights the urgent
need for generating organs from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) 1 . Despite …

… 4h-k, by histological analysis, we were able to observe impaired folliculogenesis in the …
4j,k)27• We detected mature ovarian follicles with follicular antrum in the ovaries of wild-type …

… In contrast, section from Fgf10J/J skin (K) shows numerous apoptotic brown cells in the
hair bulbs and sheath cells (arrowheads). dp, dermal papilla; hb, hair bulb; hs, hair shaft; vi, …

Background Breast milk is a complex liquid that provides nutrition to the infant and facilitates
the maturation of the infant's immune system. Recent studies indicated that microRNA (…

The structure and function of blood vessels adapt to environmental changes such as
physical development and exercise 1 , 2 , 3 . This phenomenon is based on the ability of the …

Conventional two-dimensional differentiation from pluripotency fails to recapitulate cell
interactions occurring during organogenesis. Three-dimensional organoids generate complex …