MDA-MB-231 cells and colon cancer Caco-2 cells were obtained from the American Type
Culture Collection (ATCC, Rockville, MD, USA) and Riken Cell Bank (Tsukuba, Japan), …

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been known to induce endotoxin shock via production of
inflammatory modulators such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), or nitric oxide (NO). In this …

Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) is an enzyme of potential importance for the metabolism
of drugs used clinically, and it exhibits genetic polymorphism with interindividual differences …

Flavonoids are widely recognized as naturally occurring antioxidants. Naringin (NG) is one
of the flavonoid components in citrus fruits such as grapefruit. Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) …

MATERIALS AND METHODS Animals Male ddY-strain mice (Japan SLC, Hamamatsu, Japan),
weighing 23—28g were used in all experiments. Animals were given standard food (Clea…

Objective Xanthine oxidase (XO) catalyzes the oxidation of endogenous and exogenous
purines and pyrimidines. In this study, we speculated that individual variations in XO activity are …

MATERIALS AND METHODS Chemicals Aqueous solution of propolis, 7) CB Propolis (the
dried ethanol extract of Brazilian propolis), was obtained from a commercial supplier (…

Objective Thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) is an enzyme responsible for the detoxification
of the widely used thiopurine drugs. TPMT is genetically polymorphic and is associated …

Objectives To elucidate the pathophysiology of urinary dysfunction in idiopathic normal‐pressure
hydrocephalus (iNPH) by single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and …

Caffeic acid esters, one of the components of propolis, are known to show a variety of biological
effects such as anti-tumor, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. Although, the …