Infection with HIV-1 is initiated by fusion of cellular and viral membranes. The gp41 subunit of
the HIV-1 envelope plays a major role in this process, but the structure of gp41 is unknown. …

Since the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus infection (2019-nCoV) in Wuhan City, China,
by January 30, 2020, a total of 9692 confirmed cases and 15,238 suspected cases have …

Nutrition exerts considerable effects on health, and dietary interventions are commonly
used to treat diseases of metabolic aetiology. Although cancer has a substantial metabolic …

The purification, renewal and differentiation of native cardiac progenitors would form a
mechanistic underpinning for unravelling steps for cardiac cell lineage formation, and their links to …

The causes of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a devastating human neurodegenerative
disease, are poorly understood, although the protein TDP-43 has been suggested to have a …

Velo-cardio-facial syndrome (VCFS)/DiGeorge syndrome (DGS) is a human disorder
characterized by a number of phenotypic features including cardiovascular defects. Most VCFS/…

Previous studies have suggested that the GATA4 transcription factor plays an important role
in regulating mammalian cardiac development. In the studies described in this report we …

Ethylene controls fruit ripening. Expression of antisense RNA to the rate-limiting enzyme in
the biosynthetic pathway of ethylene, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase, inhibits …

Intestinal epithelial stem cell identity and location have been the subject of substantial research.
Cells in the +4 niche are slow-cycling and label-retaining, whereas a different stem cell …

Traditional approaches to writing in the United States are at odds with these facts. They take
as the norm a linguistically homogeneous situation: one where writ ers, speakers, and …